• However at variance with the well

  2022-02-10

  

  However, at variance with the well-studied R form of FBP1 which is flat, the R state of FBP2 is diametrically different, with a perpendicular orientation of the upper and lower dimers (Barciszewski et al., 2016). The cruciform-like R state of FBP2 is stabilized by a unique hydrophobic motif called ‘

• It has been shown that mice lacking SMAD in

  2022-02-10

  

  It has been shown that mice lacking SMAD2 in T cells do not develop spontaneous lymphoproliferative autoimmunity (Malhotra et al., 2010). Further, FOXO1 is known to activate proinflammatory MCP-1 and IL-6 (Ito et al., 2009). To this end, we also validated the downstream target FOXO1 and SMAD2 after

• Our observation that glioblastoma tumor cells express ETA R

  2022-02-10

  

  Our observation that glioblastoma tumor cells express ETA-R in 6/10 cases contrasts with a recent publication reporting ETB-R expression in these tumors [17]. The reason for the discrepancy between that report and the present study might be due to the fact that glioblastomas with oligodendroglial co

• To date three other allosteric binding

  2022-02-10

  

  To date, three other allosteric binding sites of HIV-1 IN have also been reported. In the work of Wielens and co-workers [33], a pocket formed by the residues Tyr83, Trp108, Asn184, Ile200 and Val201 was found, which can be bound by small molecules. In the work by Rhodes et al. [34], a small-molecul

• Importantly the regulation of the Hippo pathway

  2022-02-10

  

  Importantly, the regulation of the Hippo pathway by metabolic networks, such as by glycolysis39, 40, hexosamine biosynthesis41, 42, and mevalonate synthesis43, 44, as well as by nutrient-sensing pathways including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) 40, 45, 46 and mTOR 47, 48, 49, 50, was recently d

• br Introduction The signaling molecule

  2022-02-10

  

  Introduction The signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) plays an essential role in vessel homeostasis by initiating vasodilation [1], [2], [3]. After biosynthesis in endothelial cells, NO diffuses into the subjacent smooth muscle layer to reach its target enzyme, soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC, EC 4

• Recently it was found that hypoxia results in the phosphoryl

  2022-02-10

  

  Recently, it was found that hypoxia results in the phosphorylation of β-catenin at Y654 in a Src-dependent manner (Xi et al., 2013). All β-catenin phosphorylated at this residue was found complexed with Hif1α and it was demonstrated that this β-catenin phosphorylation was required for Src to promote

• We found that most antigenic regions in GlyT

  2022-02-10

  

  We found that most antigenic regions in GlyT1C are located in the second half of the GlyT1C-terminus, which is in concert with previously published results (Olivares et al., 1994). We however further show that in contrast to epitopes 554–625 which are affected by calcium only minimally, the epitopes

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Our data

  2022-02-09

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Our data show that the ghrelin receptor, Ghsr, links energy homeostasis with a form of adult hippocampal plasticity. The presence of Ghsr on mature DG neurons suggest that acyl-ghrelin may modulate NSPCs indirectly, possibly via soluble factors such

• Cx is the major molecule involved in

  2022-02-09

  

  Cx43 is the major molecule involved in the dynamic life cycle of GJIC (Cusato et al., 2006). Initially generated Cx43 exist in the cytoplasm and correctly transfer it to the plasma membrane during its life cycle (Ji et al., 2018). To understand the toxic effects of MC-LR on GJIC, Cx43 localization w

• uPAR promotes cell associated proteolysis by binding to uPA

  2022-02-09

  

  uPAR promotes cell-associated proteolysis by binding to uPA which locally converts plasminogen into active plasmin [10]. Ligand-engaged uPAR also acts as a potent regulator of cell migration and matrix attachment. Being a membrane receptor, uPAR needs to interact with extracellular matrix (ECM) prot

• Schaftoside All of the abovementioned effects of PUFAs signa

  2022-02-09

  

  All of the abovementioned effects of PUFAs signal their involvement in a cellular phenotype switching phenomenon, which is increasingly recognized as a potential target for future pharmacotherapies of atherosclerosis, especially for individuals who do not respond to the classical lipid-lowering stra

• The feasibility of using the Fas Fas ligand

  2022-02-09

  

  The feasibility of using the Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) system to target vascular progenitor Polyphyllin VII contributing to intimal hyperplasia has been shown in many studies [[18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24]]. Fas receptor, a member of tissue necrosis factor family, is a death receptor that in

• PKC does not however directly stimulate secretion

  2022-02-09

  

  PKC does not, however, directly stimulate secretion by initiating calcium influx into the cell [51]. Work from multiple groups measuring calcium currents has shown that PMA alone or coupled with glucose does not modulate intracellular calcium influx [34], [51], [52], [53]. Instead of contributing to

• Several mechanisms have been suggested to underline the rele

  2022-02-09

  

  Several mechanisms have been suggested to underline the release of signalling molecules from astrocytes: reverse operation of glutamate transporters, volume-regulated anion channels, gap-junctional hemi channels, diffusional release through purinergic receptors and Ca2+-dependent exocytosis [2], [15

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