• In the SUMOylation pathway SCE as an

  2020-10-23

  

  In the SUMOylation pathway, SCE1 as an E2 enzyme has an important role in mediating the conjugation of SUMO to target proteins. The accumulated SUMO conjugates in plants are associated with abiotic stress responses (Castro et al, 2012). We performed a drought stress analysis on WT plants, induced by

• br Introduction Addiction to opioids such as morphine is

  2020-10-22

  

  Introduction Addiction to opioids such as morphine is a chronic disorder that affects the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathway in the brain. Activation of the pathway ultimately leads to dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) (Di Chiara et al., 1998) and stimulation of dopamine recepto

• Estrogen treatment in postmenopausal women requires combinat

  2020-10-22

  

  Estrogen treatment in postmenopausal women requires combination with a progestogen in order to prevent endometrial stimulation. This is not necessary, however, with tibolone as progestogenic activity is associated with its Δ4-metabolite that is formed in the liver, as well as locally in the endometr

• Both receptors belong to the large family

  2020-10-22

  

  Both receptors belong to the large family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) [4,5], which often appeared as monomers, dimers and higher order aggregates [6,7]. There is evidence that these receptor-complexes can modulate the functionality and the pharmacology of the receptors [8,9] by sequesteri

• Multiple protein species are known to naturally

  2020-10-22

  

  Multiple protein species are known to naturally exist for the transmembrane receptors DDR1 and DDR2. Five splice variants have been characterized for DDR1 (“a” through “e”). The d and e isoforms lack the intracellular kinase domain of DDR1. The splicing of DDR1 to various extents has been reported i

• We not only found that the ISR leads

  2020-10-22

  

  We not only found that the ISR leads to attenuation of conventional cap-dependent translation with no change in RAN translation of the G4C2 expanded repeat, but also that GA translation from the expanded repeat (but not from 5 G4C2 repeats, perhaps because the protein product does not aggregate) is

• have to happen to you br Introduction Vitis vinifera L

  2020-10-22

  

  Introduction Vitis vinifera L. is one of the most worldwide-grown fruit crop and is mostly used in the wine industry (Bouquet, 2011). Domestication and history changed dramatically the biology of this species and today there are thousands of V. vinifera varieties, being many of them closely relat

• Six substrate recognition sites SRS

  2020-10-22

  

  Six substrate recognition sites (SRS1-SRS6) have been identified at positions 102-123, 204-209, 238-244, 301-319, 374-382 and 483-492 (Table 2, underlined residues) based on Gotoh\'s proposal [30]. CYP3A163 displays the similar characteristic long sequences between helices F and G presenting two add

• In order to validate the ATP competitive mode

  2020-10-22

  

  In order to validate the ATP competitive mode of inhibition, compound 12 was selected as a representative inhibitor of this series, and the IC50 values were determined at eight different concentrations of compound 12 ranging from 0.001 to 100 μM, and repeated four times using different ATP concentra

• br Experimental Procedures br Author Contributions br Acknow

  2020-10-22

  

  Experimental Procedures Author Contributions Acknowledgments Introduction Estrogen-related receptors (ERRα, ERRβ, and ERRγ) are orphan nuclear receptors whose physiological ligands have not yet been identified. Although ERRs are closely related to estrogen receptors (ERs) they do not res

• The transcription factor CREB has been extensively studied

  2020-10-22

  

  The transcription factor CREB has been extensively studied for its role in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory (West et al., 2002, Lonze and Ginty, 2002). Previous research has demonstrated that the phosphorylation of CREB at Ser133, performed by the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, initiates a casca

• Importantly a crucial role of transcription factor SP in med

  2020-10-22

  

  Importantly, a crucial role of transcription factor SP1 in mediating the anti-lung cancer effect of XJD was found in this study. Our results suggested that the inhibition of SP1 was required to mediate the inhibitory effect of XJD on the growth of NSCLC cells. Nuclear transcription factors SP1 is as

• erk pathway In summary the metabolism of GEF in HLM

  2020-10-22

  

  In summary, the metabolism of GEF in HLM and MLM was extensively studied using a LC–MS-based metabolomic approach. This study identified a total of 34 metabolites and adducts related to GEF (Fig. 10) and identified three new potential reactive metabolites, including two aldehydes and one iminium. Pr

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2020-10-22

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Macrophages and dendritic cells respond to Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands by upregulating CH25H expression [4], [5]. In the latter cell type TLR-dependent upregulation is mediated via a signalling pathway that involves NFκB and IFNβ secretion and c

• br Discussion The regulation of intracellular cholesterol le

  2020-10-22

  

  Discussion The regulation of intracellular cholesterol levels is a biological process of vital importance for cellular function and integrity, and involves robust transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms that are sensitive to metabolic feedback control. Amongst post-transcriptional mec

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